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Autonome Nationalisten ("Autonomous Nationalists," abbreviated AN) are German, British, Dutch〔 and to a lesser degree Flemish〔(Autonomous Nationalist United Kingdom )〕〔(全国各地求人情報ブログ ) (Belgian Dutch)〕 neo-Nazis, who have adopted some of the far left's organizational concepts (autonomous activism), demonstration tactics (black bloc), symbolism, and elements of clothing, including Che Guevara T-shirts and keffiyehs. Similar groups have also appeared in some Eastern European countries, beginning with the Czech Republic,〔Mareš, Miroslav. (National and Right-wing Radicalism in the New Democracies: Czech Republic ). Paper for the workshop of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation on “Right-wing extremism and its impact on young democracies in the CEE countries”, September, 2012.〕 Ukraine,〔See: Автономні націоналісти України (Autonomous Nationalists of Ukraine) 〕 Romania〔(Romania: Extremists offer Roma women payoffs for sterilization ), ''Budapest Telegraph'', May 17, 2014.〕 and Greece, but their impact in these countries has been limited so far. == History == The phenomenon of the Autonome Nationalisten can be traced to "Freie Nationaliste" (Free Nationalists), "Freie Kräfte" (Free Forces) and "Freie Kameradschaften" (Free Comradeships) movements, which developed in the shadow of the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) (National Democratic Party of Germany) since the late-1980s. The police crackdown on the far-right after re-unification and the wave of banning in the early 1990s ("Deutsche Alternative", "Nationalistische Front", "Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", among others) forced most of the local extreme far-right militant groups to split into "autonomous nationalist cells" of 5-20 members without a formal membership. Instead of conducting regular meetings, they started to use phones and later Internet for communication and organizing.〔Jan Schedler. (‚Modernisierte Antimoderne‘: Entwicklung des organisierten Neonazismus 1990-2010. ) In: J. Schedler, A. Häusler (Hrsg.). ''Autonome Nationalisten Neonazismus in Bewegung''. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011, p. 17-35.〕 Local cells formed loose umbrella networks in the regions to coordinate actions.〔Robert Grimm (Manchester Metropolitan University). (The geographic distribution of the extreme right in Germany ), September 25, 2012.〕 In 2008, Germany's Autonomous Nationalists were estimated to number approximately 400 people, 1% of the country's neo-Nazis.〔 The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which provides domestic intelligence for the government, estimated the number of active participants of the far right movement in 2008 around 40,000.〔Rachel Nolan. (Neo-Nazi Fashion: Thor Steinar and the Changing Look of the German Far Right ), ''Spiegel Online International'', November 20, 2008.〕 According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), currently there are 75 extreme-right organizations in Germany with 50,000 members.〔(Extremism Across Europe ), ''Southern Poverty Law Center''. Accessed on 17 May 2014.〕 The emergence of the Autonome Nationalisten was controversial within the German far right milieu, both because some older activists of the German extreme right objected to their "leftist" image and because the NPD feared they would complicate its efforts to take part in mainstream politics.〔 Also controversial was that Autonome Nationalisten had occasionally expressed sympathy for Islamic extremism, as well as Hezbollah and Hamas for their opposition to Zionism and what is deemed "American imperialism".〔(Autonome neo-nazi’s op de linkse toer? ), ''Gebladerte Archief'' (Dutch)〕 The Autonomous Nationalists in Europe made themselves visible starting from 2003–2004 and are now considered more violent than other members of the European far right.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Autonome Nationalisten」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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